《泰山香社研究》论文摘要

叶涛

     今晚，收到几位朋友索要论文的电话和电子邮件，非常抱歉，由于论文印的不多，手头所剩无几，日后出书，一定奉送，请诸位多多谅解。
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    《泰山香社研究》论文摘要


    本文的主旨是对泰山民间信仰组织——泰山香社进行综合研究。
    长期以来，在泰山文化的研究中，主要关注的都是以帝王为中心所形成的诸多社会文化现象，对于广大民众的泰山信仰行为几乎没有做过认真的调查与研究。本文所研究的泰山香社，是指以泰山神灵为奉祀主神、以到泰山朝拜为结社目的的民间信仰组织。对于泰山信仰中民众进香行为的研究，离开了泰山香社则无从谈起。
    ——通过本文对泰山香社的研究，可以了解广大民众在泰山的进香活动；可以弥补泰山文化研究中对于民众信仰行为观察、描述和学理分析的缺失；可以填补泰山民间信仰研究的空白。
    ——通过对泰山香社的研究，可以窥见以泰山香社为代表的中国民间信仰组织的基本形态，分析民间信仰组织生成、发展的内部组织结构和外部社会基础，为民间信仰组织的研究提供有力的资料和学理的支撑。
    ——通过对泰山香社的研究，还可以在更加广阔的历史文化背景下，审视国家与民众对民间信仰的不同态度，剖析中国民间信仰的特征，以期对民俗学的民间信仰理论建设有所贡献。
    本文的正文分为六章。
    第一章绪论，交代研究本选题的学术意义，关于本选题研究的历史和现状，本文的研究范围、研究方法、资料体系和结构。
    第二章将泰山香社放在整个泰山文化发展的大背景中，叙述泰山香社形成、发展的历史。泰山香社是泰山信仰发展到一定历史阶段的产物，它与泰山自然崇拜和泰山神灵信仰密切相关，它兴起于唐宋，繁盛于明清，一直延续到二十一世纪的今天。本章对泰山香社的兴起和繁盛的原因进行了探讨，对泰山神的人格化、碧霞元君形成的历史时期、香社繁盛与社会政策的关系等提出了自己的见解。
    第三章运用田野调查资料，对当代泰山香社的活动状况进行动态描述，以期在上一章历史叙述的基础上，对泰山香社进行全面的把握。本章选择了一个香社个案（邹城西关泰山香社）和一个庙会（三月三王母池蟠桃会庙会）作为重点，对当代泰山香社的组织结构和泰山进香仪式予以科学描述。
    第四章对泰山香社的内部结构进行剖析。着重探讨了泰山香社的结社原因、奉祀神主的演变、会首与会众、香社的仪式等，并对泰山香社的类型、香社首领权威的形成、香社组织的典型个案——合山会进行了学理分析。
    第五章介绍泰山香社的外部社会环境。主要就与香社泰山进香有关的泰山庙会、香客店、香税与泰山管理、香社与庙宇等进行简要论述。
    第六章余论，对泰山香社的特点、本文的核心概念——民间信仰、以及民间信仰组织与民间秘密宗教的关系等问题进行简要论述。
    本文的附录部分，以具象的资料展示相关各章所论述的内容，其中包括邹城西关泰山香社香头访谈录的样稿，山东青州市五里镇井塘村香社活动的调查资料，以及本文研究所依据的主要资料泰山香社碑的碑文选录和泰山香社碑目录等。


Abstract

This paper aims to have a general study on Incense Societies of Mountain Tai, a folk belief organization in Mountain Tai.
Since a long time, the research on mountain Tai Culture, among the others, mainly concentrates on the various social and cultural phenomena around kings and emperors. There are few investigation or research around the Mountain Tai beliefs of the populace. The Incense Societies of Mountain Tai studied in this paper refers to a folk belief organization that offers Mountain Tai gods the sacrifices and pays religious homage to the Mountain Tai as the purpose of forming an association. It cannot investigate the incense phenomena of the populace in Mountain Tai belief without the study of Incense Societies of Mountain Tai.
Through the study of Incense Societies of Mountain Tai in this article, we can, first of all, have a better understanding of the behavior of the populace’s offering incense in Mountain Tai, compensating for the deficiency of observation, description and theoretical analysis on the populace’s belief in the Mountain Tai culture research, thus filling the blank of the research on Mountain Tai folk belief. Furthermore, research on Incense Societies of Mountain Tai can help us get a hint of the basic formation of Chinese folk belief organization represented by Incense Societies of Mountain Tai, have a general analysis of the interior structure and outer social basis of the forming and development of the folk belief organization, so as to provide significant resources and theories for the research of the folk belief organization. Finally, the study on Incense Societies of Mountain Tai enables us, under a much broader historical and cultural background, to overlook the different attitudes towards the folk belief between the state and the populace, and analyze the features of Chinese folk beliefs. The author expects to contribute the theory of fold beliefs in folklore through the study in this research.
This paper consists of six chapters, including Introduction at the beginning of the paper and Conclusion towards its end. In Chapter One Introduction, the author reports us the significance, the history, and current study of this subject as well as the scope, methods, resources structure of this research paper. Chapter Two describes the forming and developmental history of Incense Societies of Mountain Tai within the whole Mountain Tai culture background. In this chapter, the author discusses the reason of Incense Societies of Mountain Tai for its prosperity, and then proposes the author’s own understanding for the relationship of Incense Societies’ prosperity and social policy at that time. Chapter Three generalizes about the overlook of Incense Societies of Mountain Tai on the basis of a case study on Zoucheng Xiguan Incense Societies of Mountain Tai and a temple fair. Chapter Four elaborates on the interior structure of Incense Societies of Mountain Tai. The analysis of the reasons of the forming of the association, the changes of offering sacrifices to gods, the rituals of Incense Societies, the types of Incense Societies of Mountain Tai, the forming of authority of societies leaders, etc. is included. Chapter Five introduces the outer social environment of Incense Societies of Mountain Tai, which mainly discusses the Mountain Tai temple fair, pilgrim inn, incense tax and management of Mountain Tai. Chapter Six Conclusion represents us a general and overlook remarks of the previous chapters.
Appendix were attached at the end of the paper.

黄景春

对个案的深刻解剖比泛泛而论更加有意义。
我最感兴趣的是“民间信仰、以及民间信仰组织与民间秘密宗教的关系等问题”。